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What You Need to Know prior to geting started on ebay. The most important of these is to always sell what you know. Prepare Yourself. Bid: telling ebay's system the maximum price you are prepared to pay for an item.Do your item description pages have everything that buyers need to know?If you're planning to offer international delivery, then it's good to make a list of the charges to different counties and display it on each auction. If all else fails mention it to your friends and family: they'll almost certainly say "Oh, well why don't you sell…", and you'll slap your forehead. Reserve: the minimum price the seller will accept for the item. Here's a little list of some of the most useful jargon to know, but you don't need to memorise it - even the most common lingo is only used relatively rarely. If you have any special terms and conditions (for example, if you will give a refund on any item as long as it hasn't been opened), then you should make sure these are displayed too. If you're ready to start selling, then the next thing you need to know is the different auction types, so you can decide which ones you will use to sell your items. That's the only foolproof way to protect your reputation. Being a really good ebay seller, more than anything else, is about providing genuinely good and honest customer service.If not or before you use it -It's worth sending a brief email when transactions go through: something like a simple "Thank you for buying my item, please let me know when you have sent the payment". Follow this up with "Thanks for your payment, I have posted your [item name] today". Do you follow up?It is worth sending out an email a few days after you post an item, saying "Is everything alright with your purchase?I hope you received it and it was as you expected. By now, you're well prepared for ebay life, and you're probably ready to get started with that first auction. Shill bid: a fake bid placed by a seller trying to drive up their auction's price. . Anyone can sell on ebay, if they believe in themselves - and if you do decide it's not for you, then the start-up costs are so low that you won't really have lost anything. Are you emailing your sellers? I use Selling Manager Pro that automates all of the stuff below. There are a few things that you really need to know before you go and throw yourself in at the deep end. As you think about what to sell, there are a a couple of matters to look at. While it's good to be able to understand others' lingo, avoid using it unless you really need to (for example, if you run out of space in an item's title). Snail Mail: the post, which is obviously very slow compared to email. I advise you get using it asap. The cost is very low and there is a free perioid at the start too. You'll probably do even better if you fill a niche than if you sell something common. Mint: in perfect condition. There's usually little point in starting a fixed price auction for $100 when someone else is selling the item for $90. There are going to be ups and downs when you sell on ebay. " This might sound like giving the customer an opportunity to complain, but you should be trying

Wikipedia on supermarket equipment auction

Although the "success rate" of the scam is hard to gauge, some experienced 419 scammers get one or two interested replies for every thousand messages. Stephanie Nolen of The Globe and Mail said that an experienced scammer can expect to make at least several thousand dollars per successful scam letter.

Ultrascan Advanced Global Investigations, a Netherlands-based firm which has been studying 419 matters since the mid-1990s, has prepared a table quantifying 419 operations by country for 2005 and 2006. These stats are based on Ultrascan's in-house investigations and include, by nation: number of 419 rings; number of 419ers; income of the 419ers (the amount of losses by victims to the 419ers); and additional data. 419 Coalition view is that these stats present a reasonably conservative and realistic look at the extent and magnitude of 419 criminal operations worldwide.

Since 1995, the United States Secret Service has been involved in combating these schemes. The organization will not investigate unless the monetary loss is in excess of fifty thousand US Dollars. However, very few arrests and prosecutions have been made due to the international aspect of this crime.

In 2006, a report by a research group concluded that Internet scams in which criminals use information they trick from gullible victims and commonly strip their bank accounts cost the United Kingdom economy £150 million per year, with the average victim losing £31,000.

Physical harm or death

• Some victims have hired private investigators in Nigeria or have personally travelled to Nigeria, without ever retrieving their money. There are undocumented cases of victims being unable to cope with the losses and committing suicide. In November 2003, Leslie Fountain, a senior technician at Anglia Polytechnic University in England, set himself on fire after falling victim to a scam; Mr. Fountain died of his injuries. In 2006 an American living in South Africa hanged himself in Togo after being defrauded by a Ghanaian 419 con man.
• In February 2003, a 72 year-old scam victim from the Czech Republic shot and killed 50-year old Michael Lekara Wayid, an official at the Nigerian embassy in Prague, and injured another person.

Kidnapping

• On June 2, 1996 in Lomé, Togo, 419 kidnappers held a Swedish businessman for $500,000. Swedish police and the kidnappers negotiated before the kidnappers released the man on June 12, 1996.
• From September 1995 to April 1997, conmen held at least eight Americans against their will. In 1996 the embassy repatriated ten Americans who fell victim to 419 schemes.
• Joseph Raca, a former mayor of Northampton, England, was kidnapped by scammers in Johannesburg, South Africa in July 2001. The captors released Raca after they became nervous.
• Danut Tetrescu, a Romanian who flew from Bucharest to Johannesburg to meet with con men in the Soweto area of Johannesburg, was kidnapped in 1999 and held for $500,000.

Murder

• 29-year old George Makronalli, a Greek man, was murdered in South Africa in December 2004 after responding to a 419 scam.
• Kjetil Moe, a Norwegian businessman, was reported missing and ultimately killed after a trade with Nigerian scammers in Johannesburg, South Africa (September 1999).
• One American was murdered in Nigeria in June 1995 after being lured by a 419 scam. From 1994 to April 1997 419 scammers murdered 15 people in total.

Emotional harm

Victims, in addition to having lost tens of thousands of dollars, often also lose their ability to trust. The 419 Eater website says, "Although there is no serious physical injury, many victims of con-men speak of the betrayal as the psychological equivalent of rape". Victims may blame themselves for what has happened, resulting in overwhelming guilt and shame. If the victim has borrowed money from others to pay the scammer, these feelings are magnified. Further compounding the problem is the public opinion of scam letters and scam victims. Scam letters are often viewed as humorously moronic, and the people who fall for them equally so, in complete disregard to the fact that people from all walks of life at every level of education fall for these scams. The victim, having lost money through the scammer's manipulation of payment methods such as money orders or cheques, may become distrustful of the financial system. Scam victims may stop trusting and giving money to churches, legitimate charities and, in the extreme, even service providers such as their electric company because of their requests for money. Some victims commit suicide.

In other cases, the victim will continue to contact the scammer after being shown proof that they are being scammed or even being convicted of crimes relating to the scam, having been drawn so deeply into the web of deception that their trust in what the scammer tells them overrides everything else in their life. Such victims are easy prey for future scams, digging themselves even deeper into financial and legal trouble.

Arrests

In 2004, fifty-two suspects were arrested in Amsterdam after an extensive raid. An Internet service provider had noticed the increased email traffic. None were jailed or fined, due to lack of evidence. They were released in the week of July 12, 2004.

On November 8, 2004, Nick Marinellis of Sydney, Australia, was sentenced to 4 1/3 to 5 1/4 years for sending Nigerian 419 e-mails.

In October 2006 the Amsterdam police launched Operation Apollo to fight internet fraud scams operated by West Africans and notably Nigerians. Following this investigation police have arrested 80 suspects, most of them from Nigeria, and seized from their homes lists of email addresses, as well as fake documents. On June 16, 2007 111 people were arrested for being in The Netherlands illegally and suspicion of fraud, although their implication with the email scams is yet unknown.

Authorities in Nigeria have been slow to take action and for many years nothing was done. Nigeria has a reputation for criminals being able to avoid convictions through bribery and rumours abounded of official connivance in the scams. In 2003 however the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) was charged with tackling the problem. A couple of success stories including convictions in a large 419 case were reported in 2005.

Edna Fiedler, 44, of Olympia, Washington, on June 25, 2008, pleaded guilty in a Tacoma court and was sentenced to 2 years imprisonment and 5 years of supervised release or probation in an Internet $1 million "Nigerian check scam." She conspired to commit bank, wire and mail fraud, against US citizens, specifically using Internet by having had an accomplice who shipped counterfeit checks and money orders to her from Lagos, Nigeria, last November. Fiedler shipped out $ 609,000 fake check and money orders when arrested and prepared to send additional $ 1.1 million counterfeit materials. Also, the U.S. Postal Service recently intercepted counterfeit checks, lottery tickets and eBay overpayment schemes with a face value of $2.1 billion.

The victim becomes a criminal

Victims of the fraud sometimes fall directly into crime by "borrowing" or stealing money to pay the advanced fees, thinking an early payday is imminent. Credit-card fraud, check kiting, and embezzlement are among the crimes committed to pay the advances, with an expectation of having the money to repay the unauthorized loans.

• Former Alcona County (Michigan) Treasurer Thomas A. Katona was sentenced to 9-14 years for his embezzlement of more than US$1.2 million in county funds in a Nigerian fraud scheme, which represented 25% of the county's budget for that year.
• Another example of this was Robert Andrew Street, a Melbourne-based financial adviser, who fleeced his clients for over AU$1 million which he sent to the scammers in the hope of receiving US$65 million in return. Eventually the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) investigated the victim, who had now become a conman himself.
• Another example was a bookkeeper for Michigan law firm Olsman Mueller & James who in 2002 emptied the company bank account of US$2.1 million in expectation of a US$4.5 million payout.
• John W. Worley fell for a Nigerian scam and was convicted of taking money under false pretenses.
• According to Kurt Eichenwald, author of The Informant , Mark Whitacre defrauded Archer Daniels Midland, a food products manufacturer for which he was a division president, embezzling US$9 million during the same period of time that he was acting as an informant for the FBI in a price fixing scheme that ADM was involved in. His illegal activities in trying to procure funds for payment of his supposed Nigerian benefactors cost him his immunity in the price-fixing scandal, according to Eichenwald's book, The Informant . Eichenwald lost his credibility, his job, and his career in journalism because of lying about his payments to a source in a recent case. James Lieber, author of Rats in the Grain and an attorney, also wrote a book about Whitacre in which he disagreed with Eichenwald's conclusions about Whitacre and the Nigerian scam.

Terms used by 419-scammers

Media references and resources

Danny Wallace

In his book, Yes Man , in which for a time he attempted to say 'yes' to every invitation and opportunity, Danny Wallace almost fell for two scams similar to the 419 scam. First, he received an e-mail supposedly from the son of a murdered sultan who wished to seek refuge in the UK. He wanted to forward Wallace his riches and woul

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